Comics: Chuck Cuidera, from 1915 to 1952, and Blackhawk

Charles Nicholas “Chuck” Cuidera was born on September 23, 1915, in Newark, New Jersey, according to his World War II draft card. Cuidera’s Social Security application said his parents were Leonard Cuidera and Lena Bruzzo. 

Cuidera’s father, a barber, signed his World War I draft card on September 12, 1918. His address was 48 Warwick Street in Newark. The same address was recorded in the 1920 (below), 1930, 1940 and 1950 United States Censuses. In 1920 Cuidera was the fourth of five children; in 1930 he was the fourth of six siblings. 

After graduating high school, Cuidera studied illustration at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January 22, 1939, reported on his class. 

Pratt Art School to Graduate 26

Twenty-six students will be graduated from the mid-year class of the Pratt Institute School of Fine and Applied Arts in Brooklyn at the conclusion of the present term next Friday. A tea in their honor will  be given by members of the faculty at the school on Wednesday afternoon. James C. Boudreau, director of the school, will speak. Those receiving certificates of graduation will be: 

Pictorial Illustration

… Charles Nicholas Cuidera, Newark, N. J.

Prattonia 1938

The 1940 census said Cuidera was an artist in the magazine design trade. He earned $160 working eight weeks in 1939. 

On October 16, 1940, Cuidera signed his World War II draft card. He was working for the comics company, Fox Features. Cuidera was described as five feet eight-and-a-half inches, 156 pounds, with brown eyes and hair. 

Cuidera drew the first Blackhawk story which appeared in Military Comics #1, August 1941. 

Cuidera enlisted in the Army on February 18, 1942. 

Sometime in the 1940s, Cuidera married. The 1950 census recorded cartoonist Cuidera, his wife, a daughter and son in Newark, New Jersey at 48 Warwick Street. His family lived on the second floor. Two of his siblings were on the first. 

At different times, Cuidera and Reed Crandall were the artists on Blackhawk which was adapted into a serial by Columbia. The Blackhawk serial was promoted in several trade magazines including The Exhibitor, May–July 1952; Motion Picture Daily, July 11, 1952; Motion Picture Herald, August 2, 1952; and The Exhibitor, August–October 1952. Crandall and Cuidera were credited in the advertisements. Both were mentioned in the book, In the Nick of Time: Motion Picture Sound Serials (1984). 

Mark Evanier wrote about Blackhawk on his website, News from ME. 

The Blackhawk Panel Part 1

The Blackhawk Panel Part 2

Blackhawk and me – Part 1

Today's Video Link, Blackhawk

Further Reading

Alter Ego, #34, March 2004, “I Created Blackhawk”, Chuck Cuidera interview

The Unofficial Blackhawk Comics Website

Grand Comics Database

Lambiek Comiclopedia

Who’s Who of American Comic Books 1928–1999

Wikipedia, Charles Nicholas and Blackhawk

Comics Buyer’s Guide, September 21, 2001, Remembering Chuck Cuidera

The Comics Journal, October 2001, Blackhawks Creator Chuck Cuidera Dies at 86

Science Fiction Chronicle, December 2001, obituary

(Next post on Monday: Leroy Lettering, Robert N. MacLeod, Lou Cameron and His Wife, Phil)

Comics: Comic Book Trademarks, Part 13

Images from the 1951 Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office

Related Posts

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 1

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 2

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 3

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 4

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 5

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 6

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 7

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 8

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 9

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 10

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 11

Comic Book Trademarks, Part 12

(Next post on Monday: Chuck Cuidera, from 1915 to 1952, and Blackhawk)

Comics: Bob Lander, Letterer and Inker

Bob Lander was born Robert Charles Cohen on August 15, 1920, in Jersey City, New Jersey, according to his World War II draft card. However, census records had Charles as his first name. He was the second of three children born to Jacob Cohen and Rose Frank who married on January 21, 1917 in Brooklyn. 

In the 1920 U.S. Federal Census, Lander’s parents and sister were Brooklyn residents at 120 Grove Street. His father was a bookkeeper at a cigar manufacturer. 

The 1925 New York state census recorded the Cohen family of five in Brooklyn at 699 East New York Avenue. 

According to the 1930 census, the Cohen family resided at 971 47th Street in Brooklyn. 

In Alter Ego #90, December 2009, Leon Lazarus was interviewed by Jim Amash. (Pages 48 and 54 have photographs of Lander.) Lazarus said “Bob Landers* was my brother Harry’s brother-in-law. I had known him since I was 17.” On Christmas day 1938, Lander’s older sister, Evelyn, married Harry Joseph Lazarus, the middle brother of Sidney and Leon, who all worked in comics at various times. 

The 1940 census said Lander, his parents and younger sister, Adele, lived in Brooklyn at 356 Clifton Place. This location is about two-and-a-half miles west of Bushwick High School which Lander may have attended. He had some college education. Lander’s occupation was a record clerk at a shirt factory. He earned $480 working 32 weeks in 1939.

On February 15, 1942, Lander signed his World War II draft card. His Brooklyn address was 4307 12th Avenue. At the time he was unemployed. His description was five feet nine inches, 155 pounds, with brown hair and green eyes. It’s not known if he served during the war. 

On September 21, 1943, Lander and Hadassah Cohen obtained a marriage license. They married on September 26 in Manhattan. Lazarus’ wife, Marjorie, said Lander “met his wife while trying to become an actor.” Lazarus said Lander “landed a walk-on part in the movie Stage Door Canteen.”

Noted on Lander’s draft card was the date, February 15, 1946, when his surname was updated from Cohen to Lander.

In 1946 Lander was employed at Timely Comics where he was a letterer. He was credited in two issues of Terry Toons, numbers 47 and 48. Information about his art training has not been found.

Terry Toons #47, August 1946

In an interview at Timely-Atlas-Comics, Allen Bellman said “Bob Landers* was a letterer who sat opposite me. There was a time that the office did not have air-conditioning and I always sat next to the window. Bob used to open it all the time and the wind blew in my ear constantly and caused my Bell’s Palsy.” 

Some of Lander’s comics credits are at the Grand Comics Database. (Please note, fourteen-year-old Lander did not contribute to New Fun #2, March 1935.) Who’s Who of American Comics Books 1928–1999 also has credits. 

Lander’s address in the 1950 census was 1346 Grant Avenue, apartment 2E, in the Bronx. He was a freelance artist with a wife and two daughters. Lazarus said “He was a very good letterer who taught me how to letter, and he was also an inker. When Timely let us all go, he left comics. Later on, he went to work for Esso, which is now Exxon. Before either Bob or I was married, we used to double-date. He had two daughters.” 

According to Florida records at Ancestry.com, Lander divorced Hadassah and married Charliann A. Ronson Young in August 1959. This was her second marriage, too. How Lander met Young could be explained in the 1957 Manhattan, New York City directory. Lander and Young (listed under her maiden name Ronson) resided one block from each other on West 21st Street. He was at building number 473 and she at 328.

The Catalog of Copyright Entries, Third Series, Volume 23, Parts 7–11A, Number 1, World of Art, January–June 1969 had an entry for someone who might be Lander. 

Lander, Robert.

Chessboard and full complement of chess pieces. [Abstract figures] Plaster & wood. Appl. ti.: Chess game, board and 6 pieces. © Robert Lander; 28Jan69; GP61679.

Standard Oil Company published a company magazine called The Lamp. The Winter 1971 issue included a photograph by Lander. A map by Lander appeared in a 1977 issue. 

In 1974 Lander and his wife were registered voters in Manhattan according to the Board of Elections in the City of New York. 

Charliann passed away on May 29, 1990. She was a World War II veteran who served from February 28, 1943 to March 21, 1946. The Social Security Death Index said her last residence was East Hampton, New York. 

Lander passed away on October 29, 2003. The Social Security Death Index said his last residence was Honesdale, Pennsylvania.

* All documentation had Lander as the surname. Lazarus and Bellman called him Landers.

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Ellen Cole

Herb Cooper

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Martin DeMuth

Marty Epp
Howard Ferguson
Gerda Gattel

Al Grenet

Alex Jay

Albert and Charlotte Jetter
Abe Kanegson

George Kapitan 

Gary Keller
Grace Kremer 

Morrie Kuramoto

Bob Laughlin
Bob Leatherbarrow

Shelly Leferman

Joe Letterese

Robert N. MacLeod/Leroy Lettering

Jim Novak

Bill Oakley

Ben Oda

Joe and Sam Rosen
Ira Schnapp

Artie Simek

Lora Sprang aka Pat Gordon

Herman Stackel

Stan Starkman

Daisy Swayze

Zoltan and Terry Szenics

Irv Watanabe

Leo Wurtzel

(Next post on Monday: Comic Book Trademarks, Part 13)

Comics: Artist Lily Renée in the 1940s and Early 1950s

Lily Renée Willheim was born on May 12, 1921, in Vienna, Austria, according to her Declaration of Intention naturalization application at Ancestry.com. Lily’s parents were Rudolph Willheim (1891–1958) and Else (Elsa) Goldstein (1895–1973). 

Trina Robbins’ interview with Lily was published in The Comics Journal, November 29, 2006. Lily talked about her early life and explained how her parents came to America. 

Lilys overseas travel was documented on a passenger list. She was 18 years old and aboard the steamship MV Georgic which departed Liverpool, England on January 30, 1940. She arrived in the port of New York on February 11, 1940. According the passenger list, Lily had been staying at Bloomsbury House. Her destination was 205 West 87 Street, New York, New York, where her father resided. 

Lily is on line seven.

The 1940 United States Census recorded Lily and her father at 129 West 86th Street, Manhattan, New York City. He was a bank bookkeeper and she an artist. The whereabouts of her mother is not known.

On July 3, 1940 Lily began the naturalization process when she filed a Declaration of Intention. 

Lily’s comics career started in 1942. 

Lily and Ernest Siegfried Meyer obtained a Manhattan marriage license on November 18, 1944. They married on November 23, 1944. The marriage ended in divorce. Meyer was born on January 5, 1914, in Langenfield, Germany. He passed away February 28, 1994, in New York. 

Lily became a naturalized citizen on September 6, 1945. 

In 1946 she married Eric Andrew Peters in New Jersey. Earlier he had married Susanne Stierstadt on January 5, 1940 in Queens, New York. The 1940 census said he was self-employed cartoonist (who contributed to Colliers and The Saturday Evening Post). Peters was born on May 12, 1899 in Vienna, Austria (World War II draft card) and passed away in September 1979.  

The 1950 census said Lily and Peters lived at 143-50 Hoover Avenue in Queens, New York. Both were freelance artists working in the magazine field. In 1952 their divorce was finalized in Dade County, Florida. 

In 1953 Lily married Randolph Godfrey Phillips in Manhattan, New York City. The couple were issued license number 15407 on June 23, 1953; see pages 1267 for Phillips and 1720 for Lily. During World War II Phillips served in the Army. Lily and Phillips had a daughter and son. Phillips’ obituary was published in the New York Daily News, October 12, 1982 (below), and Columbia College Today, Spring 1983. 

Randolph Godfrey Phillips, 71, a financial consultant who challenged some of the nation’s largest corporations on behalf of their stockholders, died Sunday at Lenox Hill Hospital after a long illness. 

Though not a lawyer, Phillips once argued in front of the United States Supreme Court and in 1977 unsuccessfully sued the Justice Department in an effort to nullify President Ford’s pardon of Richard Nixon.

A financial reporter for the New York Herald Tribune and New York World-Telegram in the 1930s, and later a speechwriter for New York Gov. Thomas E. Dewey, Phillips was graduated from Columbia University in 1931. He is survived by his wife and two children. 

Lily passed away on August 24, 2022, in New York City.

Further Reading

The New York Times, September 14, 2022, Lily Renée Phillips, Pioneering Comic Book Artist, Dies at 101 

Lily Renée, Escape Artist: From Holocaust Survivor to Comic Book Pioneer, Trina Robbins, Illustrated by Anne Timmons and Mo Oh, Graphic Universe, 2011

Fritz Ascher, Lily Renée (1921–2022): From Refugee to Renown

In My Not So Humble Opinion, Happy 100th birthday to Lily Renée

Lambiek Comiclopedia

The Times of Israel, Overlooked Jewish female artist from comics’ golden age escaped real WWII peril 

Wikipedia

Who’s Who of American Comic Books 1928–1999

Alter Ego, #70, July 2007, “Lily Renée at Fiction House—and Beyond”

Digital Comic Museum, Fiction House, Abbott and Costello Comics

Newsweek, August 8, 2010 (print edition), “A Real-Life Comic Book Superhero”

(Next post on Monday: Bob Lander, Letterer and Inker)

Lettering: Trylon and Perisphere Variations

Further Reading

The 1939 New World World’s Fair

‘The World of Tomorrow’: Scenes From the 1939 New York World’s Fair

Welcome to the Fair! The 1939 and 1964 New York World's Fairs

The World of Tomorrow: 1939-40 New York World’s Fair

(Next post on Monday: Artist Lily Renée in the 1940s and Early 1950s)

Comics: Tom Palmer, Artist and Inker

Thomas John “Tom” Palmer was born on July 13, 1941, in Queens, New York, New York, according to the New York, New York Birth Index at Ancestry.com. His parents were Leo Palmer and Frances Maute who obtained a marriage license on October 10, 1929 in Queens. In the 1940 U. S. Census, his parents and brother, William, resided in Queens at 71-64 72nd Place. His father was a contractor.

Palmer’s father signed his World War II draft card on April 26, 1942. His address was 71-17 72nd Street, Glendale, Long Island, New York. He worked at the Star Showcase Company in Brooklyn. 

The 1950 census counted Palmer, his parents and brother in Queens at the same address on the draft card. Palmer’s father did architectural drafting; his mother was an envelope machine operator; and his brother delivered newspapers. 

The Ridgewood Times (New York), September 10, 1953, reported the passing of Palmer’s father.

Leo Palmer, of 71-17 72nd St., Glendale, September 2. Husband of Frances; father of Frances Mohan, Emily Barragry, Joseph, Raymond, John, William and Thomas Palmer; also survived by 7 grandchildren. Funeral held Saturday from George Werst Funeral Home with mass at St. Pancras R. C. Church. Interment St, John’s Cemetery.

The Long Island Star-Journal (Long Island City, New York), June 30, 1955, said Palmer graduated from Public School 119 in Glendale. 

In June 1959 Palmer graduated from Newtown High School in Elmhurst, New York. He was on the Lantern school newspaper art staff.

The Newtowner, June 1959

The Comics Journal published an interview with Palmer on October 21, 2015. Palmer said he attended evening classes at the School of Visual Arts and the Frank J. Reilly School of Art. He also explained how he got into comics. An excerpt from his obituary said 

He got his first big break in 1968 when he landed an assignment for Marvel Comics' Doctor Strange series. After pencilling one issue, Tom was asked to shift his talents to inking. The new penciller for the series was Gene Colan, an artist known for fully-rendered pencil art that was notoriously difficult to ink. Tom wasn't intimidated and applied techniques he learned in art school and various ad agencies to bring a lush, illustrative quality to the finished art. 

Palmer’s credits are at the Grand Comics Database and Who’s Who of American Comic Books 1928–1999. Some of his work can be viewed at Heritage Auctions. 

The New York, New York Marriage License, at Ancestry.com, said Palmer and Ann Louise Tienken obtained a Queens marriage license in 1965.

In the mid-1970s, Palmer moved to Oakland, New Jersey.

The Glendale Register (New York), February 8, 1979, reported the passing of Palmer’s mother.

Frances Palmer

Mass of Christian Burial was offered at St. Pancras R.C. Church. Interment followed in St. John’s Cemetery, under, the direction of the George Werst Funeral Home, Inc., 71-41 Cooper Ave.

Mrs. Palmer died on Jan. 31st. She leaves two sons, William and Thomas; two daughters. Frances Mohan and Sister Emily Palmer OSM; one sister, Anna Hutter; one brother, Conrad Maute; fourteen grandchildren and one great-granddaughter. Mrs. Palmer was a resident of Glendale.

Palmer passed away on August 18, 2022, in Oakland, New Jersey. An obituary is here. 

Further Reading and Viewing

Tom Palmer Illustration

Comics Book Artist #3, Winter 1999, The Art of Inking Neal Adams 

Comic Book Historians, Tom Palmer Interview, Text and Video

(Next post on Monday: Trylon and Perisphere Variations)

Street Scene: Iceberg Drive Inn

• U T A H •

222 UT-34 Street, St. George

(Next post on Monday: Tom Palmer, Artist and Inker)